Detailed characteristics of human papilloma virus

At the beginning of the last century, the human papilloma virus was mentioned as the reason for the appearance of warts.However, it later turned out that it could provoke the development of genital cancer among representatives of both genders and carcinomas of the neck and rectum.Depending on the area of clinical manifestations, the doctors managed to distinguish different types of HPV and combine them into a specific system.

Everything you need to know about the human papilloma virus

An increasing number of people are wondering: HPV infection - what is it?This abbreviation describes a group of viruses that are common and heterogeneous in the structure that can affect the skin and mucous membranes.This substance is infected from a long period of time.So the warts have been known earlier since the Greeks and Romans and about condylomas of the anogenital region.The PCR was even able to distinguish the DNA of the HPV type 18 of the type of mummy of Maria Aragon (XVI century).And only at the beginning of the XXI century have the opportunity to influence the spread of a pathogenic means.

Classification principles

There are several opinions on the number of HPV species.It was officially found that the group comprises more than 170 tribes.They form 5 genera, and around 130 agents are described and examined in detail.However, scientists already know almost 600 species in humans.

For the first time, HPV was registered as a single species in 1971.So far, the knowledge of him has been enriched very much, which served as an impulses for the creation of a classification and not only reflects the species, but also the genus to which the trunk belongs.In practice, this is of great importance because it helps to determine the clinical manifestations and form of the course of the infection.

Types of viruses are identified in accordance with the following criteria:

• Transmission method;
• Goals (skin or mucous membranes);
• Diseases that develop based on infection;
• Degree of oncogenicity.

Classification according to the degree of carcinogenicity is necessary to prevent consequences in connection with the development of cancer.

Types of HPV:

• Low riskline 6, 12, 14, 42-44;
• Average risk - type 31, 35, 51;
• High risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.

This classification enables you to clearly evaluate the risk grade and to develop an appropriate treatment strategy.

The most dangerous tribes

It has been proven that HPV provokes the growth of the dermis and can lead to the formation of benign formations on the face, neck, back, back, stomach, of which everyone looks like a wart, papilloma and vehicle dysplasia.But in most cases the high and inserted pathogen provokes the development of oncology in both men and women.The virus is mainly sexually transmitted, and barrier contraceptives are unable to offer 100% protection against its penetration.

The following tribes are considered the most dangerous:

• Condylomatosis (the occurrence of pointed growth) - 6, 42.
• Small flat formations formed on the walls of the vagina and the neck canal - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
• The cervix carcinoma of the uterus is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous are the HPV of the 16th and 18th type.

It is important to know!Even after identifying the type of virus, you should not panic, as the most malicious tribes can be in a "sleeping" condition for a long time.For decades, infection to the formation of cervical cancer can pass for decades.

The penetration of the virus into the body

Papillomavirus is considered extremely contagious, and each type can be transmitted using a certain method.

The main options for penetrating the pathogen into the body of the "victim" are the following:

1. In sexual contact with the carrier of the virus.The most common type of infection.Danger is both a traditional and other version of relationships.Since the size of the pathogen is much smaller than the diameter of the pores of the condom, the contraceptive cannot offer 100% protection.
2. A vertical type of infection includes the transfer of the virus to the mother to the child in the work process.A non -marketed means can cause the appearance of a newborn laryngeal papillomatosis in a newborn, ie the formation of growth of the mucous membranes and mouth and less frequent genitals.
3. The contact method for the transfer of infections is also considered frequently.Some tribes differ in survival, so that they can maintain their activity in a damp environment.If you visit saunas, pools, baths with common use of personal hygiene levels, the risk of infection grows, especially if there are unobtrusive microwaves on the skin.
4. Autoinoculation or self -extension can occur by accidentally transmitting a living virus cell from a damaged area to healthy skin parts during shaving, hair removal and simply not with hygienic rules.

It is important to know!The causal means of a high carcinogenic risk is mainly sexually transmitted, and barrier contraceptives guarantees no full protection against infections.This is not only due to the small size of the virus, but also to the localization on the surface of the dermis, not covered with a condom.

The reasons for the progression of papillomatosis

Regardless of the degree of oncogenicity, HPV is tricky, ie it can live in the human body without showing himself in any way.Depending on the condition of the immune system, the incubation period from 2 to 3 weeks can take to several ten years.Therefore, people who have no external signs do not even suspect an infectious agent in their body.

The fast spread does not begin immediately, but only under favorable conditions, namely the weakening of the protective mechanism, which occurs against the background of the following factors:

• Stress, overload;
• poor and monotonous diet;
• hormonal violations;
• Bad habits - smoking tobacco and alcohol abuse;
• Frequent abortions, complications after birth;
• Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitarian system;
• IPPP, including AIDS, HIV, herpes;
• Chronic diseases in the deterioration level;
• The time of pregnancy.

The risk group is mainly of fairer sex.The likelihood of infection increases in reproductive age of 20 to 45 years and leads active sex life.

Symptoms in different stages

The papillomavirus infection can be pronounced or solved in a latent or subclinical form.Symptomatic manifestations of the disease are variable due to the type of HPV, their danger.The hidden course of the disease is characterized by the lack of signs.

External signs:

• Papillomas;
• flat and vulgar warts;
• Sharp condylome.

Forms that are not visible during the external inspection:

• Discosatosis;
• Coilozytosis;
• Epitheldysplasia.

Relapses against the background of the papillomavirus appear in the form of such pathologies:

• Discosatosis with light epithelial changes;
• actually dysplasia;
• Cancer tumor;
• Flat cell carcinoma.

It is important to know!If the virus that is not damaging in the fogererie, the formation of warts, which are located on the palm trees, are located on the palm trees, is located.In the absence of cosmetic complaints, there are no signs of distance.

In a woman, a fever, chills, itching, temperature rise and vaginal discharge develop during a deterioration.

More about the consequences

The type and severity of the HPV infection are determined by the activity of the pathogen and its type.With the genotype of a high oncogenic risk, an extended replication helps to increase the number of cellular structures with the mutation of the genome.

Against the background of bacterial vaginosis, the transformation of the cervical pithy and a number of other pathological processes increases that takes the risk of pre -bricen stage or the development of a malignant tumor.

The latter include the following conditions.

1. Cervical cancer.The second illness after the crust cancer in women.More than 70% of all cases are caused by the activity of the 16 and 18 type of HPV.
2. Carcinoma of the vagina and vulva.In the structure of oncopathologies in the anogenital region, it takes up a front.Every tenth case is provoked by a low -canteen trunk of 6 or 11, and a third of all diseases are caused by virus 16 and 18.
3. Anal cancer.It is mainly found in women, but also registered homosexuals in men who practice the unconventional method of relationships, although doctors do not rule out any other way of transmitting infections.The cause of oncopathology is the activity of HPV 18 and 16.

Of course, this is not a sentence, but in connection with this data, the need for careful gynecological and cancer diagnostics increases.A comprehensive examination enables to identify structural changes in cells and tissues in the early stages, which contributes to the human papillomavirus to determine how they can be treated correctly.

Diagnostic procedure

As already mentioned, diagnostic measures play an important role in the damage to the HPV infection.

The modern test is carried out with special care and includes several procedures:

1. The primary advice includes a visual inspection to identify external signs (warts, papillomas).When growth in the urogenital region is found, the doctor guides the patient to an additional examination of the cervix or urethhroscopy.
2. Papa test or cytological examination with a smear according to the Papanicolau method.According to the results divided into classes, the doctor determines the risks of the infection process.Therefore, the 1. and 2nd degree shows the normal condition of the tissue, 3 - the beginning of pathological changes, the 4th and 5th grade characterizes the presence of oncogenic cells.
3. Colposcopy.It is carried out in dysplastic changes in the tissue of the cervix.The test with acetic acid is prescribed to clarify the activity of the papilloma virus.A positive result is shown in the form of a mosaic pattern on the surface of the epithelium.
4. Histology.The examination of the sample of the affected tissue is carried out if necessary to examine cells and pathological changes in them.You can identify epithelial structures of particularly large sizes during the procedure.
5. PCR.The most common and most informative test.Using the chain reaction of the polymerase, it is possible to carry out typification, determine the degree of oncogenicity, the maximum concentration in the blood.
6. Desent test.The modern innovative research method enables you to clarify the existing results and to determine the likelihood of the formation of oncological training.

The same diagnostic tactics are carried out in terms of men.After a visual inspection, he goes to tests.Only according to the results of the investigation can the specialist evaluate the complexity of the clinical case and prescribe adequate treatment.

Treatment approaches

Today there are no medication that could completely and forever destroy the viral infection in the body.If it is not self -haired, the most promising combined approach is the most promising.The treatment of HPCHs contains the surgical removal of papillomas or warts against the background of systemic therapy with medicinal products, means of homeopathy, the folk method.There are several options for the destruction of growth.

Radio surgery.With a special knife, the formation is cut out, whereupon coagulation is produced and an association is used.

Laser.A bloodless and painless way.There is a crust under which the healing process continues.The disadvantage is the appearance of scars.

Electrical clearing.The procedure is largely similar to the two in terms of effectiveness, costs and effective exposure.

Cryodestruction.Processing of growth of any kind of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they are rejected by the skin.The available price, lack of blood, scars makes this method most attractive.

Surgical excision.It is carried out extremely rarely to only develop oncology in the event of suspicion of suspected probability.The growth is cut off with the help of a scalpel.

The systemic treatment of papillomavirus enables us to strengthen immunity, reduce the concentration of the active ingredient -DNA in the blood and prevent the development of maltifying processes.

For this purpose, he appoints pills:

• Immun modulators;
• antiviral agents;
• Cytostatics.

The duration of the course treatment is 10 to 14 days.If there is a constant sexual partner, it is necessary to convince him of undergoing an examination and starting with therapy.You shouldn't get rid of growth yourself.

Preventive measures

Since human papilloma virus is easily spread in people of all ages, there is no guaranteed way to protect it from penetration.According to patient checks, vaccination is a reliable option to prevent infection.

Modern medicine as prevention offers special serums.The medication is produced in the form of a suspension in disposable injections, which facilitates the introduction of the vaccine and minimizes the infection risks.Girls and boys between the ages of 9 and 14 and young women under the age of 26 are subject to vaccination.Seren are well tolerated by the body.

Vaccination is for preventive purposes and cannot act as a medication.

In order to minimize the risk of infection, simple recommendations must be observed.

• Carefully monitor personal hygiene;
• get rid of bad habits;
• Strengthen immunity, do sports;
• Practice only safe sex, avoid random bonds;
• Take care of the choice of sexual partner;
• A demonstration of a gynecologist, a venereologist.

A serious attitude to your health will help to avoid infection, and in the event of penetration of the virus to reduce the likelihood of spread.

Diploma

HPV is the most common option of an infection from which no one can protect.In order to prevent the activation of the virus, it is necessary to observe prevention measures and reduce the risk of oncology, undergo planned exams in good time and advise yourself with specialists.